indulgences. - I. Unless apply to people living, indulgences are acts jurysdykcyi church, which reduce or completely tempering temporal punishment, divine justice due to the wicked, and regretting rozgrzeszonego. Unless they are used and to the souls of the dead, in czyścu suffering, no longer acts of jurisdiction, but petitions and supplications zanoszonemi to God to deign to reduce or completely let go of earthly punishment, wherewith, These souls are burdened, and it is in the same extent that sanctions alone would also by the ecclesiastical authority of its Board forgiven faithful subjects, who renounce the benefit of the dead, the personal fruit, which had the right to remove himself from them and taken granted indulgences. So will be applied to the living or the dead, indulgences are always an act of motherly love of the Church for his children. Atolls, they are not absolution or forgiveness of pure and simple: according to the verdict of God's will, affected by sin, a moral order that is required ekspiacyi penance, which is made in repentant by the love of the supernatural or a supernatural way by the suffering endured. Suffering Redeemer suffered in an infinite extent and importance: 'tis the same NM Virgin, the saints of the Lord, the righteous, not to an extent, although infinite, but very substantially. Suffering is offered to God and closer to God taken out, is a treasury of spiritual zadosyćuezynienia, left to the regulation of the Church. Zadośćczynienia these sufferings and, in this inexhaustible treasure, you can add to the personal suffering and zadosyćczynień sinners: as is happening in satisfying sacraments. and the celebration of the Eucharistic sacrifice, so that as the additive, respectively, to reduce the debt of temporal punishment imposed on the sinner. The church, under his own power, the power key as it is usually called, has the right to take this spiritual treasure, and the measures taken there to use as a total or partial repayment penalties, which converted sinner is guilty of divine justice: it is-it indulgence or partial . Usually, to obtain the indulgence, you must meet certain conditions, such as prayer, good deeds, mortification, etc., but the form is not conditional it is essential to the substance of indulgences, which could be once again today and could be otherwise allocated.
II. Catholic doctrine on indulgences is based on the fact that the award of keys of the hierarchy of power (Matt. XVI, 19, XVIII, 19); the proceedings St. Kazirodcą Paul in Corinth (II Corinth. II, 7 - 9; PRW. I Cor. V, 4 - 6); on the theory and practice of the Roman Church and other Churches, especially the African Church in czasacli persecution. It is also based on the dogma, the doctrine of universal atonement and infinite, that God gave Redeemer, the dogma of the communion of saints, and the fact that reliable, that the Blessed Virgin, the saints, the righteous, they suffered more, and a supernatural way to repent for more than a personal moral state require them. This is also the council of Trent, referring to the seriousness of many councils very old (Ancyrański, Neocezarejski, Nicaea, Carthaginian IV, etc.), and a very famous (Clermoncki, Lateran I, Lyons II, Vienneński), could be called indulgences "graces clergy" and " niebiańskiemi skarbnicami Church, "which gives an advantage to the use of" piety " (Sess. XXI, de Reform, c. IX). This council could also teach that the power of granting indulgences granted Christ Church, the Church used it since time immemorial, and that this practice is very beneficial "for the Christian people." (Sess. XXV, Decretum. De Indulge.), He could finally curse (ibid.) those who believe indulgences for unprofitable, or who deny that the Church had the authority, their award.
III. Against this doctrine, and against the granting of indulgences raised numerous objections. Again, here are some główniejsze: first indulgences do not have a specific course: a contrite and absolved the sinner no more need. second Because they are only the remission of canonical penalties, now wyszłych of use, therefore, are irrelevant in the eyes of God. third funny-thing to this legislation abolished use of outdated forms a kind of example indulgence 40 or 100 days, indulgence of 7 years and 7 kwadragen, complete or partial, for the living or the dead! Is it dead-need, indulgence, or is it can benefit from it? 4th Indulgences are an encouragement to sin, not to repentance. 5th sold to the public licytacye, and they were the subject of scandalous trade, against which we had to blend into Protestantism. 6th Church finds in them one of the best sources of income and this is their supports, although he knows well, moreover, that in a similar subject in his power of absolution and forgiveness is none. 7th Anyway, strangely changed the church in the distribution of these mniemanych privileges which either are similar today to those that were in the Middle Ages and the early Church. 8th As to the treasury indulgences, they showed good Protestants, that there were no other works than these, which are filled with these indulgences credulity of the people. 9th Rome itself had to agree that this matter was disrupted by a lot of deception, fraud and superstition, and he works himself over this even today, that on the indulgences bring more bit of decency and regularity. 10th Najsumienniejsi theologians, unable to remove the indulgences, they tried to at least reduce and refine their use, popes and bishops reminded that in order to grant indulgences, have important real reasons, the relevant privilege, what's going on, the faithful and to remind people that he could not gain indulgences without meeting with great fervor pokutniczych personal conduct. 11. Privileged altars, pictures of indulgences, pardons collections of prayers, a heroic act resolution czyścowym indulgences to souls, etc. etc. things can not be suffering, that the Synod of Pistoia, effected under the guidance of the pious Bishop of Ricci, and after the Synod of many scholars and devout Catholics could not refrain from their control.
IV. answer to these charges which we will more accurately determine and vividly explain this item, so little known and maliciously rotated.
first Subject indulgences is very real. The sinner in rebellion against God, not only deserves to hell, before you get there, he has no right to goods and worldly pleasures, and if God allows him to use them, it is only by His providence and mercy. Podług strict justice mortal sin deserves punishment for all temporal and eternal punishment. Certainly, sacramental absolution forgives sin, together with eternal punishment, supernatural love for God, the repentant sinner can more or less, and sometimes even completely - to abolish the debt of temporal punishment, repentance is also a special sacramental, effectiveness in this respect, and finally, whether voluntarily or willingly adopted zadosyćczynienia and repentance of the penitent himself, and others who take it upon him, will reduce its debt. But how many times-it happens that the poor of his love for God, inadequate or personal sacramental penance, brotherly lack of support in the difficult task of penance tem, the human attachment to venial sin, lasting until death, so much the weight will crush him, that from him will be able to release only after many years in czyścu! The aim is to reduce or completely remove the burden of the Church grants indulgences, living and dead.
second Accurate completion canonical penalties in the former ecclesiastical discipline had intrinsic value in God's eyes: and when the church then reduced their size, often overwhelming weakness of sinners, he offered to God for their respective zadosyćuczynienie, drawn from the treasury of the spiritual, without the compensation poświęcałby surely a man on far longer and far more horrible purgatory. The maternal is the wicked indulgence was already the spiritual and theological indulgence, the concept laid out above. Today canonical penance is abolished, and of course today's carnivals refer to it only by accident and completely externally or not they join the sacramental penance which the Church maintains, for and after the indulgences, the latter tend to be awarded in the name of the Redeemer by the total or Partial deletion of temporal punishment, which Justice century has the right to require the sinner to repentance released. Under these conditions, and how you can say that indulgences are, meaning only the ceremonial or even a purely archaeological?
third Many formulas in which pardons are sometimes granted, comes from a time when the canonical discipline of penance was in full development, but there is no wonder the law or with the mock. The same formula in fact clearly and fully express the extent of the pardon granted the privilege: so the phrase "one hundred days of indulgence" means that the church and before God actually forgives a amount of temporal punishment equal to that is gaining jakaby if pokutowało today by one hundred days old crude podług penitential discipline of the early centuries of the Church, seven years and seven kwadragen indulgence is the remission of temporal punishment for that quantity, jakąby be obtained, repenting of that discipline today podług seven years and seven Great Location, at which increased during the year by a simple austerity of penance, indulgence is the remission of all temporal punishment, which who is to blame on his conscience, the indulgence for the dead, is stepping down in favor of the souls of those zadosyćuczynień czyścowych or penance that had gained for himself, and which the Church in this way allows the soul to move, kept aloof from the sky for a long, raised here on earth, whether by mortal sins already forgiven, or by venial sins forgiven or not forgiven . Nothing on this rozunmiejszego!
4th indulgences are without any doubt, relief and maternal indulgence. But they are very similar to the severity of the sinner his sins, the severity of God's justice, the severity of penalties czyścowych, the purity of the soul, as required to reach the sky, power and goodness of the Saviour and His Church, the huge benefit of the communion of saints, respectability acts of mercy, performed for the benefit of souls czyścowych, etc. They are therefore very practical encouragement to the good life and good death. If the light nieo gnuśni and Christians abuse of indulgences to more sin, then on themselves the responsibility for it.
5th Protestant historians exaggerate the amount of abuse, which occurred due to carnivals, and we could give it decisive evidence. Nevertheless, we recognize that there were indeed abuses in this regard, the Council of Trent did not hesitate to say, and very vigorously denounced (loc. cit.) Moreover, Luther did not wait and his companions, to announce and reform deplorable perversion, which succumbed to some of the Questor and preachers of indulgences: omieszkały not scold their councils Lateran, Lyons, Vienneński, although they could not fully addressed. Council of Trent was in this respect, happier, and maybe energiczniejszy. But how can the abuse because of something external, concluded that this thing is intrinsically evil in itself? Of course not.
6th To say that indulgences are the best income of the Church, it is not know what is actually happening. Thing possible today, and with regard to the Middle Ages certain that many temples and instytucyi mercy and teaching in large part owes its rise and persistence of indulgences, procured their benefactors. But thus far for the sale and exploitation świetokupczego which accuse the Church. If the church uses the keys of power here, This means that it has, and that it can not have needlessly. He used it first even before the exercise of that authority to any wmieszały Easter collection. Uses and indulgences infinitely often if it przymieszka Easter collection does not exist, than when it exists. After the temperature and all who will be admonished for a church that recognizes and rewards, do not say that it buys or pays - the privileges of the clergy signs of filial affection and generosity of their children? Why is humor, but certainly falsely - attributed to the papacy and the Bishops of any abuse power and trade, which is in clear contradiction to their real character, and if the outside of the Church may be mistaken on this matter see, it's never the inside.
7th theologians of the modern era perfectly distinguish between three periods in the history of indulgences, initially they were chiefly of absolution, then swap, and since the Middle Ages, and which change rozgrzeszające indulgences. But at the same time Ciz theologians themselves have proven that istotowe concept of indulgences, such jakieśmy gave at the beginning, 'tis always remained the same under various forms-I: indulgence was always and always will be forgiveness from the Church of temporal punishment which God's justice demands the sinner who repents. Protesters jeered very indulgences from the treasury, or rather zadosyćuczynień ChrystusaPana and sacred: but they have not proved this, nor ever prove that the Savior did not satisfy the infinitely more than was needed for the salvation of the world that the Saints did not do more penance than was needed for to atone for their own sins, that God has forgotten or made useless any of these excessive and sellers zadośćczynień and penance, to the authority of binding and, to retain or forgive sin or the consequences of this, did not extend as far as the temporal punishment of the sinner zsyłanych. Well, since neither one of these statements do not contradict the proven, therefore not by any means the right to deny the traditional doctrine of the Church of the treasury of indulgences and do not have the right to forge it funny concepts and assign them to the Church, which they never had.
8th said, what you believe about the alleged abuse prior to the Council of Trent and the reforms carried out by both Educated as a pious meeting. That some of these abuses - less screaming and most glaring - the difficulty disappeared or clearly revived, nothing too much more natural, one considers the nature of human lice attachment to evil and the tendency to return to sin. Thus, continuous operation goes St. Kongregacyi Indulgences in Rome for the removal of any error and all fraud, as well as the correction law, in which the Fathers of the Council of Trent recommended some changes (Sess. XXV. Loc. Cit.) Infer from the falsity of a scientific question here, this would result in the poorest reasoning.
9th unworthy assigned according to some theologians unduly harsh, such as Cajetano'wi or Euzebiuszowi Arnort'owi when he suggests going to the abolition of indulgences, because it wanted more wariness in their lending and more difficulties in their acquisition. Authors of those displaced in school, rigorous demands pushed back, as not quite legitimate, and indeed, given that the Church is not so good-natured again that they believed, and that indulgences are not, if they wanted, just a simple addition to the efforts and Personal penitent zeal of the faithful. Those theologians, however, by no means deserve to be called the sound potwarcze Wikleffa, Husa, Peter of Osma and Luther.
10th As for jansenistowskiego Scipione Ricci and his brash Synod of Pistoia, unfortunately, we do not need to defend him on the charge of Jansenism, all too reasonable with his own words and his deeds. Also, we do not need to say that their successors in the fight against indulgences were not far from the Catholic belief, but more or less clear Jansenists or racyonalistami: that books, pictures, catalogs indulgences or pious practices, approved by the Apostolic See, are completely beyond reproach, that the Finally, a heroic act, which some minds are wary, if it meant just as it authorizes and approves of Rome, does not include anything, he told it was not quite compatible with theology, with reason, with the love of the souls czyścowych.
(Prw. Faucieux, Les Indulgences devant l'histoire et le droit canon, in czasop. Ecclesiastiques Revue des Sciences from 1887 and 1888. Kirchenlexicon Fribourg, Art. Ablass. Encyklop. .. X. bone Bishop No-wodworskiego t. XVII, Art. Indulgence). (Dr. J. Didiot).
XWS
II. Catholic doctrine on indulgences is based on the fact that the award of keys of the hierarchy of power (Matt. XVI, 19, XVIII, 19); the proceedings St. Kazirodcą Paul in Corinth (II Corinth. II, 7 - 9; PRW. I Cor. V, 4 - 6); on the theory and practice of the Roman Church and other Churches, especially the African Church in czasacli persecution. It is also based on the dogma, the doctrine of universal atonement and infinite, that God gave Redeemer, the dogma of the communion of saints, and the fact that reliable, that the Blessed Virgin, the saints, the righteous, they suffered more, and a supernatural way to repent for more than a personal moral state require them. This is also the council of Trent, referring to the seriousness of many councils very old (Ancyrański, Neocezarejski, Nicaea, Carthaginian IV, etc.), and a very famous (Clermoncki, Lateran I, Lyons II, Vienneński), could be called indulgences "graces clergy" and " niebiańskiemi skarbnicami Church, "which gives an advantage to the use of" piety " (Sess. XXI, de Reform, c. IX). This council could also teach that the power of granting indulgences granted Christ Church, the Church used it since time immemorial, and that this practice is very beneficial "for the Christian people." (Sess. XXV, Decretum. De Indulge.), He could finally curse (ibid.) those who believe indulgences for unprofitable, or who deny that the Church had the authority, their award.
III. Against this doctrine, and against the granting of indulgences raised numerous objections. Again, here are some główniejsze: first indulgences do not have a specific course: a contrite and absolved the sinner no more need. second Because they are only the remission of canonical penalties, now wyszłych of use, therefore, are irrelevant in the eyes of God. third funny-thing to this legislation abolished use of outdated forms a kind of example indulgence 40 or 100 days, indulgence of 7 years and 7 kwadragen, complete or partial, for the living or the dead! Is it dead-need, indulgence, or is it can benefit from it? 4th Indulgences are an encouragement to sin, not to repentance. 5th sold to the public licytacye, and they were the subject of scandalous trade, against which we had to blend into Protestantism. 6th Church finds in them one of the best sources of income and this is their supports, although he knows well, moreover, that in a similar subject in his power of absolution and forgiveness is none. 7th Anyway, strangely changed the church in the distribution of these mniemanych privileges which either are similar today to those that were in the Middle Ages and the early Church. 8th As to the treasury indulgences, they showed good Protestants, that there were no other works than these, which are filled with these indulgences credulity of the people. 9th Rome itself had to agree that this matter was disrupted by a lot of deception, fraud and superstition, and he works himself over this even today, that on the indulgences bring more bit of decency and regularity. 10th Najsumienniejsi theologians, unable to remove the indulgences, they tried to at least reduce and refine their use, popes and bishops reminded that in order to grant indulgences, have important real reasons, the relevant privilege, what's going on, the faithful and to remind people that he could not gain indulgences without meeting with great fervor pokutniczych personal conduct. 11. Privileged altars, pictures of indulgences, pardons collections of prayers, a heroic act resolution czyścowym indulgences to souls, etc. etc. things can not be suffering, that the Synod of Pistoia, effected under the guidance of the pious Bishop of Ricci, and after the Synod of many scholars and devout Catholics could not refrain from their control.
IV. answer to these charges which we will more accurately determine and vividly explain this item, so little known and maliciously rotated.
first Subject indulgences is very real. The sinner in rebellion against God, not only deserves to hell, before you get there, he has no right to goods and worldly pleasures, and if God allows him to use them, it is only by His providence and mercy. Podług strict justice mortal sin deserves punishment for all temporal and eternal punishment. Certainly, sacramental absolution forgives sin, together with eternal punishment, supernatural love for God, the repentant sinner can more or less, and sometimes even completely - to abolish the debt of temporal punishment, repentance is also a special sacramental, effectiveness in this respect, and finally, whether voluntarily or willingly adopted zadosyćczynienia and repentance of the penitent himself, and others who take it upon him, will reduce its debt. But how many times-it happens that the poor of his love for God, inadequate or personal sacramental penance, brotherly lack of support in the difficult task of penance tem, the human attachment to venial sin, lasting until death, so much the weight will crush him, that from him will be able to release only after many years in czyścu! The aim is to reduce or completely remove the burden of the Church grants indulgences, living and dead.
second Accurate completion canonical penalties in the former ecclesiastical discipline had intrinsic value in God's eyes: and when the church then reduced their size, often overwhelming weakness of sinners, he offered to God for their respective zadosyćuczynienie, drawn from the treasury of the spiritual, without the compensation poświęcałby surely a man on far longer and far more horrible purgatory. The maternal is the wicked indulgence was already the spiritual and theological indulgence, the concept laid out above. Today canonical penance is abolished, and of course today's carnivals refer to it only by accident and completely externally or not they join the sacramental penance which the Church maintains, for and after the indulgences, the latter tend to be awarded in the name of the Redeemer by the total or Partial deletion of temporal punishment, which Justice century has the right to require the sinner to repentance released. Under these conditions, and how you can say that indulgences are, meaning only the ceremonial or even a purely archaeological?
third Many formulas in which pardons are sometimes granted, comes from a time when the canonical discipline of penance was in full development, but there is no wonder the law or with the mock. The same formula in fact clearly and fully express the extent of the pardon granted the privilege: so the phrase "one hundred days of indulgence" means that the church and before God actually forgives a amount of temporal punishment equal to that is gaining jakaby if pokutowało today by one hundred days old crude podług penitential discipline of the early centuries of the Church, seven years and seven kwadragen indulgence is the remission of temporal punishment for that quantity, jakąby be obtained, repenting of that discipline today podług seven years and seven Great Location, at which increased during the year by a simple austerity of penance, indulgence is the remission of all temporal punishment, which who is to blame on his conscience, the indulgence for the dead, is stepping down in favor of the souls of those zadosyćuczynień czyścowych or penance that had gained for himself, and which the Church in this way allows the soul to move, kept aloof from the sky for a long, raised here on earth, whether by mortal sins already forgiven, or by venial sins forgiven or not forgiven . Nothing on this rozunmiejszego!
4th indulgences are without any doubt, relief and maternal indulgence. But they are very similar to the severity of the sinner his sins, the severity of God's justice, the severity of penalties czyścowych, the purity of the soul, as required to reach the sky, power and goodness of the Saviour and His Church, the huge benefit of the communion of saints, respectability acts of mercy, performed for the benefit of souls czyścowych, etc. They are therefore very practical encouragement to the good life and good death. If the light nieo gnuśni and Christians abuse of indulgences to more sin, then on themselves the responsibility for it.
5th Protestant historians exaggerate the amount of abuse, which occurred due to carnivals, and we could give it decisive evidence. Nevertheless, we recognize that there were indeed abuses in this regard, the Council of Trent did not hesitate to say, and very vigorously denounced (loc. cit.) Moreover, Luther did not wait and his companions, to announce and reform deplorable perversion, which succumbed to some of the Questor and preachers of indulgences: omieszkały not scold their councils Lateran, Lyons, Vienneński, although they could not fully addressed. Council of Trent was in this respect, happier, and maybe energiczniejszy. But how can the abuse because of something external, concluded that this thing is intrinsically evil in itself? Of course not.
6th To say that indulgences are the best income of the Church, it is not know what is actually happening. Thing possible today, and with regard to the Middle Ages certain that many temples and instytucyi mercy and teaching in large part owes its rise and persistence of indulgences, procured their benefactors. But thus far for the sale and exploitation świetokupczego which accuse the Church. If the church uses the keys of power here, This means that it has, and that it can not have needlessly. He used it first even before the exercise of that authority to any wmieszały Easter collection. Uses and indulgences infinitely often if it przymieszka Easter collection does not exist, than when it exists. After the temperature and all who will be admonished for a church that recognizes and rewards, do not say that it buys or pays - the privileges of the clergy signs of filial affection and generosity of their children? Why is humor, but certainly falsely - attributed to the papacy and the Bishops of any abuse power and trade, which is in clear contradiction to their real character, and if the outside of the Church may be mistaken on this matter see, it's never the inside.
7th theologians of the modern era perfectly distinguish between three periods in the history of indulgences, initially they were chiefly of absolution, then swap, and since the Middle Ages, and which change rozgrzeszające indulgences. But at the same time Ciz theologians themselves have proven that istotowe concept of indulgences, such jakieśmy gave at the beginning, 'tis always remained the same under various forms-I: indulgence was always and always will be forgiveness from the Church of temporal punishment which God's justice demands the sinner who repents. Protesters jeered very indulgences from the treasury, or rather zadosyćuczynień ChrystusaPana and sacred: but they have not proved this, nor ever prove that the Savior did not satisfy the infinitely more than was needed for the salvation of the world that the Saints did not do more penance than was needed for to atone for their own sins, that God has forgotten or made useless any of these excessive and sellers zadośćczynień and penance, to the authority of binding and, to retain or forgive sin or the consequences of this, did not extend as far as the temporal punishment of the sinner zsyłanych. Well, since neither one of these statements do not contradict the proven, therefore not by any means the right to deny the traditional doctrine of the Church of the treasury of indulgences and do not have the right to forge it funny concepts and assign them to the Church, which they never had.
8th said, what you believe about the alleged abuse prior to the Council of Trent and the reforms carried out by both Educated as a pious meeting. That some of these abuses - less screaming and most glaring - the difficulty disappeared or clearly revived, nothing too much more natural, one considers the nature of human lice attachment to evil and the tendency to return to sin. Thus, continuous operation goes St. Kongregacyi Indulgences in Rome for the removal of any error and all fraud, as well as the correction law, in which the Fathers of the Council of Trent recommended some changes (Sess. XXV. Loc. Cit.) Infer from the falsity of a scientific question here, this would result in the poorest reasoning.
9th unworthy assigned according to some theologians unduly harsh, such as Cajetano'wi or Euzebiuszowi Arnort'owi when he suggests going to the abolition of indulgences, because it wanted more wariness in their lending and more difficulties in their acquisition. Authors of those displaced in school, rigorous demands pushed back, as not quite legitimate, and indeed, given that the Church is not so good-natured again that they believed, and that indulgences are not, if they wanted, just a simple addition to the efforts and Personal penitent zeal of the faithful. Those theologians, however, by no means deserve to be called the sound potwarcze Wikleffa, Husa, Peter of Osma and Luther.
10th As for jansenistowskiego Scipione Ricci and his brash Synod of Pistoia, unfortunately, we do not need to defend him on the charge of Jansenism, all too reasonable with his own words and his deeds. Also, we do not need to say that their successors in the fight against indulgences were not far from the Catholic belief, but more or less clear Jansenists or racyonalistami: that books, pictures, catalogs indulgences or pious practices, approved by the Apostolic See, are completely beyond reproach, that the Finally, a heroic act, which some minds are wary, if it meant just as it authorizes and approves of Rome, does not include anything, he told it was not quite compatible with theology, with reason, with the love of the souls czyścowych.
(Prw. Faucieux, Les Indulgences devant l'histoire et le droit canon, in czasop. Ecclesiastiques Revue des Sciences from 1887 and 1888. Kirchenlexicon Fribourg, Art. Ablass. Encyklop. .. X. bone Bishop No-wodworskiego t. XVII, Art. Indulgence). (Dr. J. Didiot).
XWS
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