SLAVERY. - I. Catholic theology recognizes only one meaning of that expression. In her sense, slavery is-a complete domination (in legal terms) of one man over the work and useful deeds of another man. Theology is therefore not permitted within the meaning of slavery or pagan, that is complete domination of one man, even on the same figure of another man, nor the importance of slavery in closer, it is exclusionary personality, but extending without exception and without any limitations to all activities and work of another man, nor, finally, the same does not allow slavery, deprived of a fair legal origin and motives. It agrees with the fact that a criminal punishment, which he rightly belongs, has been restored to this state of slavery; agrees that in certain wars of old, due to political and moral state of the world, can sometimes be defeated spins Rather, in captivity, rather than cutting into the trunk, she still agrees and-so that, in certain circumstances, under free and fair systems, man Or a whole family could give way to his master a total ownership of their work and their physical strength. But taż The said theology teaches that only God himself, with the exception of whether each of us is truly the government owns our soul and the members of our bodies, our intellect, will, memory, life. And we, in some sense we are only tenants and their administrators, we can not, therefore, yield the absolute ownership of these things to someone else, and no one else can take her to God. Catholic theology believes that in fact it is not opposed to justice and reason for one man to another, even departed for the entire duration of his istuiema, this work, which departs daily laborer to his guardian, his master. But while the taz theology teaches that the eternal waiver of his work does not agree with the spirit of chrystyanizmu, that in any case protected by law be guilty of personal conscience, the rights of the family, religion, that by means of a fair wage, Church and State, each in its scope have the right to abolish slavery, that the escape of a slave, with whom he cruelly care or lead to destruction godless and immoral his lord is often entitled to, and sometimes if possible mandatory that the sale of slaves that can be tolerated, you have to not oppose any of the above principles, and finally, that the "slave trade" is a hideous crime.
II. Science is based lo the Mosaic legislation, which does not completely abolish slavery, because it wobee healthy mind can endure, but very wisely manages and mitigates its application (Exod. xxi, Levit. XXV), 2-a on the principles of love, respect for the dignity of the human body and soul, compassion and sweetness, that Christ gave to the world, after all-it comes from him, this great movement wyswobadzający, who brought from the bondage of a substantial part of mankind; 3-o the list of famous St. Paul to Philemon for the benefit of his runaway slave, Onesima; 4-for on learning of that apostle of equality in terms of the spiritual master of the baptized slave, on the same depending on the supreme Lord, who sees no difference between them, on this supernatural patience of what the slave has to endure his position if he can not benefit from some opportunity to be free (I Cor. VII, 20, Gal. III, 27; Ephesus. VI, 5). 5-for example Roman pontiffs, and the clear condemnation of what made the popes: Paul III, Urban VIII, Benedict XIV, Pius VII and Gregory XVI against the slave trade ohydnemu; 6-0 admirable the last encyclical of Leo XIII In plurimis, published in 18S8 d. May 5, until the Brazilian bishops, from which we quote here a few exceptions very firm, "Monster-to perversity, when some people think of others as lower than himself, and as pack animals. - Ancient Philosophy by allowing slavery was in a manner najobrzydliwszy inhuman, and unjust. - The effect of the highest goodness of the Lord Church overthrew slavery and led among people true freedom, equality, fraternity, and for a world of prosperity which is so This same church has contributed, will not be able to give him enough praise and thanksgiving. - Pius II and Leo X protested all his strength against the American conquerors, too willing to pursue a new slavery. - Pius VII, the Congress of Vienna demanded the total abolition of slavery. - Leo XIII, an infinitely jubilant liberation of slaves in Brazil, all his attempts returns to central Africa, and finally he wants to give it a Christian liberty. In any event, the freedmen have certain obligations to fulfill, let's not abuse the great benefits that they rightly granted. "After the announcement of this Encyclical, yet impossible to believe accusations thrown against the Roman Church.
III. However following repeated later in the allegations concerning: lo Slavery is a thing intrinsically evil, but, the Bible. and entered the Church tion of the systems; 2-for legislation and the first Christian emperors of the Middle Ages is a slave; 3-for Only in the thirteenth century, under the influence of thought more humanitarian than Christian, saw the widespread release of the servants and slaves; 4-a Even at the end of the last century there were slaves on church lands, notably in Poland and in France, where Voltaire had to fight in defense of the servants of Saint-Claude. - 5-on activities largest anti-slave labor in our times came from the Protestants and wolnodumców.
The above allegations are not difficult response.
lo. No, slavery so limited, as we at the beginning of this article it clear it is not completely and essentially opposed to natural law, no need, therefore, blame the Old and New Testaments for the fact that tolerate some use of slavery, on the contrary, it would be necessary rebuke Scripture. then, if it was presented as something intrinsically wrong, what is not so. The Bible and the Church, therefore, do not enter into any agreements with the abuses and crimes of slavery, rather gradually softened, as long as it does not completely abolished.
2-o. the same token, a temperature sense of the first Christian emperors were niewolniczemi. Do not they once the storm, which should not and can not disappear immediately, respecting the legitimate rights and just need, but support and justify the former has the habit of tripping against the bishop, then attach to the baptism of the privilege of civil liberty, both in favor of the slaves, like all others, and manumissio or liberation, made before the altar, puts the freedmen and their relatives in the care of the Church.
3-o. Starting from the first centuries of Christianity purchased many many could have been slaves for charity faithful even as holy sacred vessels, sometimes the heroes of the Christian self-sacrifice his freedom for this purpose. If slavery remained in Europe for so long, that is, under the joint influence of the Catholic charity barbarians and make it a very usable and often, it can be said, encourages the midst of political and social shocks in the early Middle Ages. Liberation experienced so far and even fewer long than would probably be with a properly called slavery. Thus, it is not feudalism, excluding Catholicism, as claimed, has the merit that it gave full liberty to descendants of former slaves and servants: feudalism rather disturbed by this great movement, but it as absolutely can not be condemned. Yet the greatest contribution to heal the social wounds in Europe, the spirit of Christian brotherhood, a religious spirit, acting pro amore Dei, pro mercede animae, as they say is often the then liberation certificate. Simultaneously, a separate Catholic religious orders, as the Trinitarians, et al. between the infidels bravely went to redeem them from the hands of Christians. Medieval humanitarianism is the same as Catholicism, and when it appeared Modern philanthropy, the most difficult task has been fulfilled: the old world is free, if the state permits the private and public morals. In Africa, Peter Claver, in America, Bartholomew de las Casas, a Catholic misyoanarze elsewhere are working to break the shackles that pregnancy in the human race.
4-o. serfdom that existed in the last century in France, which lasted to our day in Rossyia and elsewhere, is impossible to attribute to the Church of Rome, and it was indeed far from the ancient slavery, as some seem to suppose. X. Bergier, who is a sentence at the time alleged in this way is with a deep knowledge of things said: "If our philosophers have written ... that the secular clergy and the monasteries are slaves under the name czynszowników (mainmortables), played teehnicznemi names and credulity, his readers. What is serfdom (la mainmorte)? -It is a contract under which the land gave way to Mr. colonists provided lo rent or annual fee in kind, in money or in the workplace; 2-for that colonist would not be able to sell or convert the land without prior permission to Mr and sales rights at no charge; 3-for that if you die without heirs of colonial belonging to said estate, the fall will belong to you, And where there is wickedness, or the severity of this contract? It constrains the freedom of such a colonist, it is true, but it's still a big question whether such absolute freedom is good for those who lack understanding, activities and leadership. (Bergier could cite the expulsion of the Jesuits sad consequences of their famed Redukcyi Paraguay and many other facts later.) Philosophers Our are not wise enough for it to definitely determine the temperature issue. It should be noted that this (the then French) copyholder (mainmortable) will always be able to free itself: giving you the land, which has on it, and the third part of the estate, he has the right to face and ask a judge to rule on the free subjects of the king. Many men have consecrated Polish freedom to his subjects, and they refused. To what leads here so sarcastic criticism of our philosophers? "X." Thus says the Bergier. Diet. de Theol. wyr. Esclavage).
5-o. If some wolnodumcom our times, mimicking louder Protestant writers, it seemed better to prosper in the work of slaves odkupowania than their predecessors, it must be noted that they did nothing else, just to repeat and apply solid principles of Catholicism, with less only in certain circumstances, prudence and justice. There are no-count no inicyatorzy is only just followers, and the Church in their attempts to see the successful continuation of their efforts. Moreover, the Church has addressed this matter in the highest degree merciful. A History of modern Catholic misyi us in Africa, is najchwalebniejsza History of anti-slavery in the nineteenth century.
(Prw. Lekmkuhl, Theol. Moralis; excellent, the hearing Balmes in his work Protestantisme compare au Catholicisme, ch. XV - XIX and the note is 15, and especially the encyclical of Pope Leo XIII In plurimis Pza. (Dr. JD).
XW S
II. Science is based lo the Mosaic legislation, which does not completely abolish slavery, because it wobee healthy mind can endure, but very wisely manages and mitigates its application (Exod. xxi, Levit. XXV), 2-a on the principles of love, respect for the dignity of the human body and soul, compassion and sweetness, that Christ gave to the world, after all-it comes from him, this great movement wyswobadzający, who brought from the bondage of a substantial part of mankind; 3-o the list of famous St. Paul to Philemon for the benefit of his runaway slave, Onesima; 4-for on learning of that apostle of equality in terms of the spiritual master of the baptized slave, on the same depending on the supreme Lord, who sees no difference between them, on this supernatural patience of what the slave has to endure his position if he can not benefit from some opportunity to be free (I Cor. VII, 20, Gal. III, 27; Ephesus. VI, 5). 5-for example Roman pontiffs, and the clear condemnation of what made the popes: Paul III, Urban VIII, Benedict XIV, Pius VII and Gregory XVI against the slave trade ohydnemu; 6-0 admirable the last encyclical of Leo XIII In plurimis, published in 18S8 d. May 5, until the Brazilian bishops, from which we quote here a few exceptions very firm, "Monster-to perversity, when some people think of others as lower than himself, and as pack animals. - Ancient Philosophy by allowing slavery was in a manner najobrzydliwszy inhuman, and unjust. - The effect of the highest goodness of the Lord Church overthrew slavery and led among people true freedom, equality, fraternity, and for a world of prosperity which is so This same church has contributed, will not be able to give him enough praise and thanksgiving. - Pius II and Leo X protested all his strength against the American conquerors, too willing to pursue a new slavery. - Pius VII, the Congress of Vienna demanded the total abolition of slavery. - Leo XIII, an infinitely jubilant liberation of slaves in Brazil, all his attempts returns to central Africa, and finally he wants to give it a Christian liberty. In any event, the freedmen have certain obligations to fulfill, let's not abuse the great benefits that they rightly granted. "After the announcement of this Encyclical, yet impossible to believe accusations thrown against the Roman Church.
III. However following repeated later in the allegations concerning: lo Slavery is a thing intrinsically evil, but, the Bible. and entered the Church tion of the systems; 2-for legislation and the first Christian emperors of the Middle Ages is a slave; 3-for Only in the thirteenth century, under the influence of thought more humanitarian than Christian, saw the widespread release of the servants and slaves; 4-a Even at the end of the last century there were slaves on church lands, notably in Poland and in France, where Voltaire had to fight in defense of the servants of Saint-Claude. - 5-on activities largest anti-slave labor in our times came from the Protestants and wolnodumców.
The above allegations are not difficult response.
lo. No, slavery so limited, as we at the beginning of this article it clear it is not completely and essentially opposed to natural law, no need, therefore, blame the Old and New Testaments for the fact that tolerate some use of slavery, on the contrary, it would be necessary rebuke Scripture. then, if it was presented as something intrinsically wrong, what is not so. The Bible and the Church, therefore, do not enter into any agreements with the abuses and crimes of slavery, rather gradually softened, as long as it does not completely abolished.
2-o. the same token, a temperature sense of the first Christian emperors were niewolniczemi. Do not they once the storm, which should not and can not disappear immediately, respecting the legitimate rights and just need, but support and justify the former has the habit of tripping against the bishop, then attach to the baptism of the privilege of civil liberty, both in favor of the slaves, like all others, and manumissio or liberation, made before the altar, puts the freedmen and their relatives in the care of the Church.
3-o. Starting from the first centuries of Christianity purchased many many could have been slaves for charity faithful even as holy sacred vessels, sometimes the heroes of the Christian self-sacrifice his freedom for this purpose. If slavery remained in Europe for so long, that is, under the joint influence of the Catholic charity barbarians and make it a very usable and often, it can be said, encourages the midst of political and social shocks in the early Middle Ages. Liberation experienced so far and even fewer long than would probably be with a properly called slavery. Thus, it is not feudalism, excluding Catholicism, as claimed, has the merit that it gave full liberty to descendants of former slaves and servants: feudalism rather disturbed by this great movement, but it as absolutely can not be condemned. Yet the greatest contribution to heal the social wounds in Europe, the spirit of Christian brotherhood, a religious spirit, acting pro amore Dei, pro mercede animae, as they say is often the then liberation certificate. Simultaneously, a separate Catholic religious orders, as the Trinitarians, et al. between the infidels bravely went to redeem them from the hands of Christians. Medieval humanitarianism is the same as Catholicism, and when it appeared Modern philanthropy, the most difficult task has been fulfilled: the old world is free, if the state permits the private and public morals. In Africa, Peter Claver, in America, Bartholomew de las Casas, a Catholic misyoanarze elsewhere are working to break the shackles that pregnancy in the human race.
4-o. serfdom that existed in the last century in France, which lasted to our day in Rossyia and elsewhere, is impossible to attribute to the Church of Rome, and it was indeed far from the ancient slavery, as some seem to suppose. X. Bergier, who is a sentence at the time alleged in this way is with a deep knowledge of things said: "If our philosophers have written ... that the secular clergy and the monasteries are slaves under the name czynszowników (mainmortables), played teehnicznemi names and credulity, his readers. What is serfdom (la mainmorte)? -It is a contract under which the land gave way to Mr. colonists provided lo rent or annual fee in kind, in money or in the workplace; 2-for that colonist would not be able to sell or convert the land without prior permission to Mr and sales rights at no charge; 3-for that if you die without heirs of colonial belonging to said estate, the fall will belong to you, And where there is wickedness, or the severity of this contract? It constrains the freedom of such a colonist, it is true, but it's still a big question whether such absolute freedom is good for those who lack understanding, activities and leadership. (Bergier could cite the expulsion of the Jesuits sad consequences of their famed Redukcyi Paraguay and many other facts later.) Philosophers Our are not wise enough for it to definitely determine the temperature issue. It should be noted that this (the then French) copyholder (mainmortable) will always be able to free itself: giving you the land, which has on it, and the third part of the estate, he has the right to face and ask a judge to rule on the free subjects of the king. Many men have consecrated Polish freedom to his subjects, and they refused. To what leads here so sarcastic criticism of our philosophers? "X." Thus says the Bergier. Diet. de Theol. wyr. Esclavage).
5-o. If some wolnodumcom our times, mimicking louder Protestant writers, it seemed better to prosper in the work of slaves odkupowania than their predecessors, it must be noted that they did nothing else, just to repeat and apply solid principles of Catholicism, with less only in certain circumstances, prudence and justice. There are no-count no inicyatorzy is only just followers, and the Church in their attempts to see the successful continuation of their efforts. Moreover, the Church has addressed this matter in the highest degree merciful. A History of modern Catholic misyi us in Africa, is najchwalebniejsza History of anti-slavery in the nineteenth century.
(Prw. Lekmkuhl, Theol. Moralis; excellent, the hearing Balmes in his work Protestantisme compare au Catholicisme, ch. XV - XIX and the note is 15, and especially the encyclical of Pope Leo XIII In plurimis Pza. (Dr. JD).
XW S
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